Patients with IgA nephropathy should drastically reduce their consumption of meat; even adopted wholly vegetarian diets. A vegetarian diet saves the kidneys a lot of hard work in clearing the byproducts of protein metabolism. By reducing strain on the kidneys, we hope to preserve function longer.
Fatty acids are mediators of inflammation becuase of their ability to form compounds known as prostaglandins. There are good and bad prostaglandins; the good kind have anti-inflammatory effects, the bad kind fuel the fires.
A "bad" fatty acid is arachidonic acid, which is derived almost entirely from meat and dairy products. Animal foods also tend to be high in saturated fats, which can also increase the inflammatory response. One of the products of arachidonic acid metabolism is thromboxane, which plays a role in glomerulosclerosis, or the scarring of the glomeruli.
A "good" fatty acid is eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), the active ingredient in the fish oil that is widely being used now to treat IgAN and which helps form anti-inflammatory prostaglandins.
In sum, a vegetarian diet may a doubly protective effect in IgAN, first, by reducing the strain on the kidneys of metabolizing animal proteins, and second, by reducing the inflammatory response that damages the kidneys.
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